Annexation of Hawaii

Not many Americans are familiar with the history behind Hawaii becoming part of the United States. Most people know Hawaii for beautiful beaches, nice weather, and the native cultures. The annexation of Hawaii is an interesting story and was not an easy task to accomplish for the United States. The story of the annexation is a story of conflicting goals as the American businessman struggled to obtain favorable trade conditions and native Hawaiians sought to protect their culture and heritage. In 1891 Hawaii was a monarchy ruled by King Kalakaua and was later ruled by his sister, Queen Liliuokalani.The United States began seeking interest in Hawaii in the early 1820s to expand on agricultural growth. The United States became interested in Hawaii’s sugar growing agriculture and began trading with Hawaii [1]. America began trading and making deals with Hawaii while King Kalakaua was still ruling. During this time the United States did not charge anything for importing Hawaiian su gar. Also, the United States established a U. S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in the late 1880s. The sugar growing industry is where the annexation of Hawaii started to begin or was the root cause of the annexation.In 1890 Congress approved the McKinley Tariff; this tariff raised the rates on sugar being imported into the United States from foreign countries. The raised rates caused a financial hardship on the sugar farmers of the Hawaiian Islands. The American sugar farmers knew if the islands were to be annexed by the United States, then the tariff would be no longer needed. Queen Liliuokalani tried to rebuild the monarchy and was against the annexation with the United States. Many of the local sugar farmers were plotting a revolt to defeat the Queen because of her opposition to the annexation.American troops invaded the island without the consent from the President of the United States. The troops overthrew the Queen in a bloodless battle on January 17, 1893 and raised the American flag to lay claim of their new proclaimed territory [2]. After being overthrown by the American troops the annexation committee decided to proclaim themselves the Provisional Government. The Senate did not get a chance to ratify the treaty of annexation before the new President, Grover Cleveland withdrew the treaty.President Cleveland felt the United States acted inappropriately by ordering the overthrowing of the Hawaiian monarch and quickly withdrew the annexation treaty. Queen Liliuokalani resumed her authority as queen and leader, but the newly appointed President of the Provisional Government, Sanford Dole, was not so willing to submit his power back to the Queen. Many of the natives were not happy with the new government and began to form rallies to protest. Two groups were formed to try and prevent the annexation of Hawaii.The two groups were Hui Hawaii Aloha Aina (this was the female group) and the other group was Hui Hawaii Aloha Aina o Na Wahine (this was the male group). The groups fought to try and prevent the takeover, but were not successful. The leaders of the rebellion along with the Queen were put in prison. The Queen was imprisoned because she failed to stop the fight. In 1897 the new President of the United States, William McKinley, was inaugurated. President McKinley was in favor of the annexation. McKinley along with three representatives of the government of the Republic of Hawaii signed a treaty to annex Hawaii.Once the treaty was signed, it was then passed on to the Senate for ratification. Once again this provoked the two protest groups, who then decided to organize a mass petition drive. The groups hoped to accomplish showing the American government that the majority of the Hawaiian natives wanted the annexation to be stopped. The groups gathered 21,269 signatures to oppose the petition [2]. Four delegates along with Liliuokalani met with Senator George Hoar to present the petition for the Senator to read to the Senate.The petition w as formally accepted and the treaty was turned down by the Senate. Not long after Senate opposed the annexation treaty was the subject brought up again. A United States’ battleship was blown up in the Havana Harbor. The Hawaiian Islands became a key place for the refueling of the naval ships during the Spanish-American War. The Congressmen who were for the annexation of Hawaii submitted a proposal to annex the islands by joint resolution, which required only a simple majority, vote in both houses.The â€Å"Newlands Resolution† passed Congress and President McKinley signed the document on July 7, 1898. After being, annexed Hawaii remained a United States territory and then in 1959 became the fiftieth state. Bibliography 1. Schamel, Wynell and Charles E. Schamel. â€Å"The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii. †Ã‚  Social Education63, 7 (November/December 1999): 402-408. 2. ushistory. org. â€Å"Hawaiian Annexation†. U. S. History Online Textbook. Accessed March 19, 2013. http://www. ushistory. org/us/44b. asp.

Contributions of Science in Maintaining World Peace Essay

Science has made great progress in recent times. Through science man has been able to conquer nature. He has acquired control over land, air and water. Time and distance have no meaning in this sputnik Age. Some people think that science is responsible for wars. It has placed in the hands of the man extremely destructive weapons. They may ruin the world completely. It may be true to some extent. But science has also contributed a lot towards world peace. Today very fast means of transport and communications are available. Armies can be moved from one place to another in no times. These forces check the advance of an enemy. Thus war is prevented. Big wars break out due to certain causes. Poverty, disease, hunger, etc. , are enemies of mankind. Some countries are rich while others are poor. Scientific inventions have given us valuable machines. With their help production has been increased manifold. Even the backward and poor countries have now begun to enjoy a better standard of living. The contribution of science to medical science is well known to everyone. Wonderful drops like penicillin, streptomycin, Chloromycetin, etc. , have been discovered. They have ensured long and healthy life to the people of the world. By removing such causes of war, science has helped in reducing the chances of a world war to the minimum. Small sparks lead to big conflagrations. Similarly minor internal disturbances within a country sometimes lead to big wars, but now-a-days the police and military can be sent to the spots of trouble within no time. Thus, internal peace is far more secure today than it ever was. Science has given very effective means of propaganda. The Radio, the Television, the News paper and the cinema are very powerful means of propaganda. Through them, the people of the world can easily know the horrible effects of modern warfare. Through cinema, pictures of horrors of war are shown to the people. Thus public opinion is created against war. This also helps in preventing war. Science has not reached the limits of its inventions even now. It is making even more starting inventions. It is now busy in acquiring control over outer space. Furthermore, man is today more conscious of necessity of world peace than ever before. He has begun to use his knowledge of science for peaceful purposes. Let us be optimistic that science enables us to banish war completely in the near future.

Organizational Health and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Health and Safety - Essay Example Harris (2007) proposes preventive OHS strategies that can be used to provide to an employee-friendly environment in modern organizations. He proposes that the best strategy to control risk factors in the working environment is to institute mitigation measures as a pro-active action to guarantee employee safety, rather than compensate them while they risk their lives. In his view, this would include protective clothing for technical personnel, gas masks for individual working in environments with chemical gases and chemical treatment of gases before their release.The government in many states has instituted government policies to regulate pollution and the health and safety issues that arise within organizations as a strategy of protecting the community. In the UK, the British non-departmental civic body provided regulations to safeguard the health of the employees in their occupations.Other OHS activists have suggested an integrated strategy that includes risk mitigation and employee compensation to ensure a healthy working environment (Andonakis & Loosemore, 2006). Â   In conclusion, Organizational Health and Safety has become a major concern for the human resource management in most of the states. The changes in the working environment have resulted from the incentives of companies to integrate technology in every business aspect, hence bringing a whole new environment in the workplace. It has predisposed certain groups of employees to higher risks of suffering from injury or illnesses resulting from the environment they work in.... In the last 30 years, industrial revolution has become evident in most parts of the world including UK (Holmes & Gifford, 2002); most countries have engaged in industrial development as a strategy to develop their economic status by providing cost effective goods and providing employment for the majority of employees. The industries have attracted many employees in the diverse departments of the organization and the economic benefit that has resulted from this kind of trend cannot be undermined. However, this has brought a new challenge to the employees’ health and safety welfare due to the environmental impact of these industries. For instance, petroleum industries have become a great threat not only to the health of employees but to the world at large. The emissions associated with these companies contain a lot of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and sulfur-dioxide which is known for their atmospheric pollution. This has become a demotivation for employees in this secto r and their withdrawal has had adverse effects on productivity of these companies. In brief, changes in the industrial sector has changed the working environment, exposing its employees to toxic gases that may are hazardous to their lives. Another change that has impacted on the health and safety issues in the work environment is the introduction of sophisticated technology in the workplace. The investment of many companies in the IT technology has been emphasized due to the technological demands of the dynamic market conditions. It is indisputable that introduction of this technology has come along with numerous merits in the transformation of service efficiency. With implementation of LAN technology it is possible for managers to

Money launderindg and terrorism financing Essay

Money launderindg and terrorism financing - Essay Example From the process of establishing an anti-money laundering enforcement initiative, there comes out the counter-terrorism financial enforcement regime. Separating terrorists from their money is undeniably a critical component of the war on terrorism. As many now more fully appreciate, attacks like those of September 11 necessitate money to construct and maintain terrorist training camps, to buy weapons, communications equipment, and forged documents, to move personnel and materiel, to bribe government officials and establish front companies, and to pay for operatives' rent, food, and other basic necessities, along with special activities like flying lessons. More often than not, the terrorist money trail originates or leads overseas. For the purpose of stemming the tide to transnational crime, governments and international organizations continued their active efforts to increase regulatory and criminal enforcement of various laws in 1998. Such efforts were reflected in the criminalization of business and financial transactions, the imposition of new due diligence measures on the private sector and the concomitant weakening of privacy and confidentiality laws, strengthened penalties for non-compliance with regulatory efforts, and new law enforcement techniques (undercover sting operations, wiretapping, expanded powers to search homes and businesses, and controlled deliveries (Zagaris 1999). Transnational crimes involve money laundering which weaken economies and destabilize governments that are blamed on crime cartels, tax havens, and new techniques like cyber laundering. Though some would claim that it is not always a crime and immoral (Morris-Cotterill 2001), by definition alone, money laundering involves hiding, moving, and investing the proceeds of criminal conduct. In such a case, legal money can even become illegal if by moving it violates a country's foreign-exchange controls or other financial regulations. Correspondingly, all foreign-exchange transactions out of a certain country must be reported to their respective central bank otherwise the exported money becomes illegal. International Human Rights Protection Throughout the world, proactive policing has produced transformations in international criminal cooperation law particularly in the development of a financial enforcement regime. As a result of the September 11 terror attack, the United States and the European Union formed a close cooperation in cutting off terrorists from their sources of funding. It includes the issuance of blocking assets of 21 identified people as members of the Basque group ETA. The collaboration between the EU and US symbolizes a new and extremely important chapter in the financial war against terrorism (as cited in Dettmer 2002). The seizing of assets to the identified terrorists is considered a crucial element in any long-term operations in taking down Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network along with other terrorist groups. This effort of collaboration also strengthen the protection of human rights to both parties from another potential terror attack. After the September 11 Following the fateful terrorist attack on September 11 is the tracking down of terrorists that lead to a search for the means of uncovering the

Beyonce Knowles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Beyonce Knowles - Essay Example This essay "Beyonce Knowles" outlines the life and creative career of one of the most successful artists in the World. Although she has gone solo, Beyonce is still a part of the Destiny’s Child music group. Music consumers have purchased more than 15 million of the Destiny’s Childs records. Their multiplatinum Survivor, debuted at No. 1 on Billboard's music chart and generated the highest first-week total for a female group and the biggest opening sales in Columbia Records' history. Survivor opened at No. 1 in nine other countries as well. It follows the success of the group's second CD, The Writing's On the Wall (1999), which has sold more than 10 million copies. Beyonce Knowles has achieved a phenomenal solo success in film acting, having co-starred in Austin Powers in Goldmember and the highly successful film, the The Fighting Temptations. She shares her personal perspective on success: "When you love and accept yourself, when you know who really cares about you, and when you learn from your mistakes, then you stop caring about what people who don't know you think. Usually the person talking is just jealous or sad about themselves, and it takes going through this to realize that's how life is." Beyonce’s parents were instrumental to her success and they continue to manage her singing career. Mathew Knowles, a Fisk University graduate and former corporate marketing and sales star, has built a reputation for being an astute, hands-on manager who engineered Destiny’s Child group’s success. 's Child group's success. He manages a music empire that includes a management firm, record label and production studio. Tina Knowles is the style maven who crafted the group's edgy, sassy image. She has received praise for her dazzling, trendsetting costumes and hairstyles for the group. The Knowleses have been supportive from the very beginning, when Beyonce and a group of young girls decided they wanted to be dancers and singers. They hel ped to train and to rehearse the girls, to select and sew the costumes, and to style hair. The Knowleses booked and helped to transport them to performances. She got her work ethic from her parents. She is a very focused artist. She knows her goals. She does whatever it takes to get the job done. She has come out in Pink Panther with Austin Myers and in Dreamgirls. 2.1 Current Product Beyonce is 27 years old, 5ft 7in, brown-eyed and brown-haired musical star. She has long, muscular legs but is tall, thin and very curvy and hopes to stay that way by looking after her body. To keep herself in top

Findings of the Church Committee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Findings of the Church Committee - Essay Example This was done with a hope that all the activities of the American spy agencies shall always remain secret. However, this gave the spy agencies the impetus to intrude into the citizens’ privacy. The act has received bipartisan support. The president and congress did not raise objections. A research was conducted on the same issue, 62% of the respondents said the spy agencies should have some form of oversight. 18 % thought otherwise. The church committee sort to find out two things. Firstly, whether America should adopt its enemy’s tactics and secondly, it was to come up with facts. This is because America has the necessary machinery and technology to deal with its attackers. While we as citizens support the work of the spy agencies like the FBI, I feel that it should be done within the confines of the law. The step taken by these intelligence agencies is too radical. There is a feeling that this intrusion is against the core values of United States of America. It’s also anti American culture and the tenets of

Analyzing Gender Differences in Spontaneous Speech Research Proposal

Analyzing Gender Differences in Spontaneous Speech - Research Proposal Example From the time they are born, baby girls are considered fragile and they are exposed to delicate language and handled very gently. Boys, on the other hand, are exposed to strong tones and power-filled language and are handled less gently as they are tossed in the air and held upright from a younger age to demonstrate their power and strength (Rasquinha & Mouly, 2005) This study attempts to investigate gender differences in choice of topics to talk about and linguistic differences in verbal expressions. Its significance lies in the fact that understanding gender differences and accepting them as natural to the person will help others understand where the speaker is coming from. To understand gender differences in communication better, it is important to actively analyze how men and women express themselves linguistically and explain the differences between the two if any. Background of the Research Problem Most miscommunication problems between men and women stem from the fact that they are wired differently. According to Rasquinha and Mouly (2005), women are more prone to communicating verbally with a language of connection and intimacy. This means that they use more of their emotions when speaking. On the other hand, men are more prone to communicating with a language of status and independence. This means they use more of their logical reasoning and less of their emotions. Sometimes, conflicts arise when issues pertaining to interpretations of certain topics and gender differences come into play.

The high speed 2 rail link from london to the north of England Essay

The high speed 2 rail link from london to the north of England. Critically evaluate by researching the arguments for and against high speed 2, ensuring you include up to five(5) for and five(5) against - Essay Example The second phase will comprise of stations at Manchester, Nottingham, Sheffield and Leads. It is expected to be complete by 2033 (Inderwildi and King 2012). According to research, the HS2 has received both approval and criticism by the public in equal measure. There are several reasons presented by either side, with environmental concerns and fiscal viability of the project raising the most debates. Having weighed the both sides of the arguments, I wish to present some of the major opinions for and against the HS2 project. HS2 is expected to create about 100,000 jobs opportunities in the construction industry once the entire line is running (High Speed Two (HS2) 2014). The line is expected to open up more transport connections which will minimize production and transport costs. This will stimulate higher productivity and consequently greater competition between various regions in UK. According to KPMG report, the UK productivity will rise by  £15 billion a year, which translates to 0.8 percent growth in the country’s GDP (KPMG 2013). The report also outlines that the project is more likely to benefit the Midlands and the North more as compared to London. The report suggests that more than 70 percent of the jobs opportunities will be created outside of London. The line has been described as one that bridges the north-south divide (Great Britain 2013). UK has had a raging debate for a long time regarding the future of the country’s airports. The major concern is their ability to provide sustained quality services even as the number of passengers continues to rise. The introduction of HS2 will certainly relieve some pressure from airports in the north of UK such as Birmingham Airport, which presently serves about 27 million passengers annually. With the addition of the rail line and the airport’s expansion in place, this figure could rise to about 70 million passenger traffic per year. The same effect is expected

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Leadership - Research Paper Example Therefore, in order for the businesses to remain competitive, they need effective leadership (Giuliani, & Kurson, 2002). This paper will therefore, analyze reasons why leadership is a fundamental part of the organization behavior. Effective leadership is very instrumental because the organizations take the personality of their leaders. Currently, the market has become very dynamic. As a result, in order for the organization to remain competitive, it must have a positive behavior. The subordinates should be market oriented. In addition, they should work together as a unit towards a common objective. This cannot be achieved if there is no effective leadership (Giuliani, & Kurson, 2002). For instance, if there are wrangles between the top-level managers the problems are likely to trickle down to the rest of the subordinates. Therefore, strong leadership is significant in fostering positive behavior between the employees. Once this is achieved, the organization is able to deal with varying challenges, an aspect that plays a significant role in ensuring that the organization remains united towards a common objective. Effective leadership is instrumental in enhancing communication which in-turn leads to positive organization behavior. Teamwork has become an important concept towards the success of any organization. However, teamwork cannot be achieved if there is no effective communication. Effective leadership ensures that issues that are raised by the employees are dealt with before they get out of hand. This is through ensuring that they implement an open office policy which enables the employees to report any grievances to the top-level managers without the use of intermediaries. This plays an important role in motivating the employees, thereby creating a serene working environment. The behavior of the organization depends on the personnel on the helm. If the leaders are involved in the daily operations of the

Prepare a persuasive speech on the importance of alcoholism Essay

Prepare a persuasive speech on the importance of alcoholism prevention. your audience is a group of 20 high school students and their parents - Essay Example Chemical properties of alcohol are such that it affects your Central Nervous System (CNS) which includes the â€Å"brain.† Alcohol in your blood decreases the brain activity and depresses the expression of certain anxieties. As a result, you feel better about yourself and less worried. Therefore, you feel more socially skilled. Even the physicians prescribe CNS depressants such as alcohol to treat anxiety, muscle tension, pain, insomnia and panic attacks. There are many other drugs that have similar effects to alcohol, example: narcotics, barbiturates, benzodiazepines and chloral hydrate. We need to understand why people crave for alcohol. It is not merely a person’s fault. Alcohol has the â€Å"addicting effect† on human beings due to its chemical properties. And also, individuals under the influence are usually violent. You may feel tough after you have had a beer. But the sad truth is â€Å"alcohol is controlling you†, not the other way around. Intoxicated individuals may neglect and abuse children, harm women and disabled or put their lives at risk. In many cases people have confessed that they were under the influence when behaving violently. Alcohol related violence is a severe social problem in the world. Over 100,000 students of age 18 to 24 are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or rape. Another 400,000 students had unprotected sex while too intoxicated to know if they consented to having sex. If you are not concerned about the society at large you should be concerned about your own well being. Alcohol impairs your judgment, creates beer bellies and leads to hangovers. One day you might wake up from hangover to find out that you are a teenage mother, single parent, need an abortion, having AIDS or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Alcohol consumption weakens the immune system. In other words alcoholics are more likely to die from AIDS, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared to the

Configure Basic Security Controls on a Fedora Linux Server Essay Example for Free

Configure Basic Security Controls on a Fedora Linux Server Essay 1. What is GRUB and why is it important to lock it down? a. GRUB is a bootloader. It is very important to lock this down because of the high access to the kernel and how important aspects can be modified on the fly at any time during the boot up process because it is unprotected by password. 2. Discuss the purpose of granting â€Å"sudo† access. Why is it a good idea not to log in as a root user? a. It gives the person access using the sudo access, superuser capability and allows them to run programs with the security privileges of such. This can cause instability of the kernel or in the hands of a skilled individual compromise the system. 3. If a file is set with the immutable flag, what security controls does this provide for the file? a. Immutable permissions designation prevents a file from being changed, even by someone with root level access. 4. Why do you get a blank window when trying to edit grub with â€Å"vi†? a. You need the correct permissions, or the file has been moved so it is loading nothing. 5. How do you know when you log in as root? a. Terminal prompt goes from [[emailprotected] ~]$ to [[emailprotected] username]# 6. What command do you need to use to install vim? a. apt-get install vim 7. What is iptables and how does this help harden the Fedora Linux Server? a. Iptables is like a rule set or chain of rules. You can use it to basically build a firewall. 8. Why is it important to configure and enable iptables on your Fedora Linux Server? a. To help secure a Linux server that is connected to the internet. 9. What is the difference between the commands ‘cat’ and ‘less’? a. The ‘cat’ command will list everything in a file and it has the capability to merge files. Less will view the contents of a file one page at a time waiting for the user to continue. 10. What is the difference between ‘setfacl’ and ‘getfacl’? How can â€Å"setfacl† help achieve security hardening? a. setfacl set file access control lists. getfacl get file access control lists. Setfacl is used to set up ACL (Access Control Lists). The usage of ACLs offers mechanisms for setting up per-user-permissions of single filesystem objects and provides fine-grained definitions of access restrictions.

Comparison of strategy of Nike and Adidas Essay Example for Free

Comparison of strategy of Nike and Adidas Essay 1.0 Introduction: Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2005, p.9) defines strategy as the way in which an organisation plans to use its resources effectively in order to gain a competitive advantage over the long term. In other words the carefully planned guidelines that organisation’s follow, which differentiates them from other organisations. Mirow (2005,p.10) suggests that strategy of Amazon.com,Inc., a multinational electronic commerce company headquartered in Seattle, focused on providing customers with low price, convenience and a wide selection of merchandise. They focused on this strategy and started their website in 1995 as an online book retailer. They slowly expanded their products and are currently an online shopping website with the largest product supplies online earning revenues in billions. Hence we can see how important strategy is for the success of an organisation. There are three levels of strategy, which are corporate level, business  level and functional level strategy. Strickland and Thompson (2003, pp.50, 55 and 56) suggests that the corporate level strategy is the strategy which is determines the overall purpose and prospect of an organisation and reflects on how to add value to different parts of the organisation. The business level strategy provides guidelines on how to excel competitors or survive in a particular market and the functional strategy is the contribution made by the resources, people and processes to the business and corporate level strategies. Companies strive with their strategies in order to become the leader in their specific industry or market. Nike and Adidas are the top two competitors in the footwear, apparel and accessories segment of the textile industry. The focus of the latter part of this report is on how these competitors compete with each other using their strategies. 2.0 Literature review: In order to fully understand about strategy, it is mandatory to know about the five generic competitive strategies. The five generic strategies according to Strickland and Thompson (2003, p.150) are low-cost provider strategy, in which the organisation provides goods or service at a low cost, broad differentiation strategy, in which the organisation differentiates its products or services making it appeal to a vast range of customers, best-cost provider strategy, in which the organisation provides goods or services of high quality making it worth the amount they are charging which is lower than their competitors, a focused strategy based on lower cost, in which the organisations focus on a narrower buyer segment and provides them their goods or services at a lower cost than its competitors and focused strategy based on differentiation, in which the organisation focuses on a narrower buyer segment and produces product customized according to their needs. 3.0 Backgrounds of Nike and Adidas: [IMAGE URL: http://digestingdesign.wordpress.com/tag/nike/] 3.1 Company overview of Nike According to (www.nikebiz.com) NIKE,Inc. was founded in 1972 by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman. It designs, markets and distributes athletic footwear,  apparel, equipment and accessories for a vast range of sports and fitness activities and are currently the world’s leading company in the athletic footwear, apparel and accessories segment in the textile industry. It is based in Beaverton,Oregon and has subsidiaries such as Cole Haan, which designs, markets and distributes luxury items such as shoes, handbags and coats. Their subsidiaries also include Converse,Inc. and Hurley International LLC and Umbro,Ltd. The revenue of Nike,Inc. as at May 2010 is around US$ 19014 million according to (www.biz.yahoo.com). [IMAGE URL: http://www.soccercleats101.com/2009/10/07/adidas-predator-x-get-ready/] 3.2 Company overview of Adidas Group: According to (www.adidas-group.com) Adidas, founded in 1949 by Adofl Dassler, is a sports apparel manufacturing company. Starting with athletic footwear such as running shoes and soccer shoes, they currently manufacture a wide range of products such as bags, watches, shirts and accessories. They are the second largest sportswear manufacturer, behind Nike,Inc. Adidas Group is made up of three companies, Reebok, TaylorMade Adidas Golf company and Rockport. The revenue of Adidas as at May 2010 is 14878 US$ Million according to (www.biz.yahoo.com). 4.0 Critical Incidents that occurred in the past: 4.1 Critical incidents that affected Nike: Nike, Inc. had gone through various incidents which had an impact on their success. According to Dermesropian, Drage, Grigaite and Lopez (2004,p.3) in 1972, Nike persuaded marathon runners at Olympic Tracks to wear their shoes which was an innovative strategy as it resulted in strong advertising when some of the runners were the top finishers and popularity of Nike continued to grow throughout the 70s. In 1979 Nike had 50% of the US running shoe market. In 1988 Nike introduced their famous slogan ‘Just do it’ and acquired a company called Cole Haan. They sponsored many famous athletes such as Michael Jordan, a famous basketball player and Tiger Woods, an excellent young golf player. During 1992 Nike acquired Canstar sports which included the hockey equipment maker Bauer and opened its first Niketown store. In early 1995 Nike acquired a license to put its logo on NFL uniforms  which resulted in strong marketing. Air Jordan [IMAGE URL: http://www.myairshoes.com/air-jordans/air-jordan-xx3-officially-unveiled.html] They launched a new brand called Jordan, in 1997, which was influenced by the famous basketball player Michael Jordan and one of the most famous shoes of that brand were called Air Jordan. Some incidents harmed Nike during 1998 as they had to cut 1,200 jobs due to the fall of sales in Asia and the demand of athletic shoes fell in 1999. Nike wanted to diversify and in the year 2000 they shifted a little towards the technological and electronic sector and introduced athletic electronics, which included MP3 players, heart monitors, and two-way radios. Products of Nike in the BCG matrix [IMAGE URL: http://www.robmillard.com/archives/BCG%20Matrix%20Big1.html] They opened their first Nikegoddess store in California in 2001. They acquired Hurley International, a distributor of action sports apparels and lost their license to put their logos on NFL uniforms to Reebok in 2002. In 2003 they acquired one of their competitors called Converse but it continued to operate independently in order to sustain the brands popular name. 4.2 Critical incidents that affected Adidas: Adidas also faced various occurrences in order to attain the title of the second largest athletic footwear sportswear and accessories manufacturer.   Adidas Samba [IMAGE URL:http://www.bestshoesmen.com/adidas.Men.Samba.Classic.Soccer.Shoe/detail.html] According to (www.adidas-group.com) Adidas registered as a company in 1949 with the three stripes logo as their trademark. (www.footballshirtculture.com) explains that in the year 1950 they produced the â€Å"Samba† all-round soccer shoes which are even now considered to be the best classic training shoe today. One of the biggest successes of Adidas was in 1952 when it was the most common shoe brand worn at the Olympic Games  held in Helsinki. They made the first track shoes with removable spikes. Emil Zatopek, in Adidas shoes, won three gold medals in one week creating a huge impact on the image of the brand. German National Team wearing Adidas in the 1954 football world cup [IMAGE URL: http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/feature?id=696762cc=4716ver=global] In 1954 Adidas became famous all over the world as the German national team was victorious in the football world cup for the first time, wearing Adidas shoes with screw-in spikes. In 1955 Adidas came up a shoe with exchangeable spikes which became very popular among the high jumpers. In 1964 Billy Mills won the men’s 10,000 meters wearing the new Adidas shoe which was considered the lightest shoe weighing 135 grams. In 1969 Adidas produced the world’s first injection molded multi stud soles of polyurethane, which gave a one year guarantee on the soles. Adidas began production of balls in 1961 and in 1970 their football was the official ball of the football world cup. In 1971 the famous ‘Fight of the century’ where Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier fought with each other, both of them wore special boxing shoes d esigned by Adidas. Products of Adidas in the BCG Matrix [IMAGE URL: http://www.robmillard.com/archives/BCG%20Matrix%20Big1.html] Adidas Copa Mundial [IMAGE URL: http://www.footballbootroom.com/Adidas-Copa-Mundial] In 1979, Adidas produced ‘Copa Mundial’, which even today is still the world’s best selling soccer shoe. In 1986 Adidas introduced Azteca, the first synthetic world cup matchball in the world. However, in 1993 Adidas took over Sports Inc., a US based sports marketing company and Adidas was loosing US$100 million a year. Robert Louis Dreyfus had become the new president of Adidas and he downsized the German staff and went subcontracting to China. Adidas once had 70% market share in the US and it fell to 2% in 1993. In 1994 Adidas made a comeback by producing the revolutionary soccer shoe called the Predator during the soccer world cup in the USA. They went public in 1995 and acquired the Salmon Group which consisted of the brands TaylorMade, Mavic  and Bonfire in 1997. The new company is named Adidas-Salmon AG. They were the first sporting goods company to chosen as the official sponsor of a soccer world cup in 1998 when they sponsored the 1998 FIFA World cup in France. Adidas Predator Mania [IMAGE URL: http://www.produktenews.ch/newsflashartikel.cfm?key=179710] In March 2002 Adidas launched ClimaCool a footwear with a ventilation system and introduced the new Predator Mania boots and jerseys with the dynamic layering concept in the 2002 FIFA world cup with their own official ball called the Fevernova. They sold over 6 million footballs and more than 1.5 million jerseys and half a million of the Predator Mania that year. In 2006 Adidas became the official partner, supplier and licensee for the FIFA world cup to be held in 2006, 2010 and 2014. They acquired Reebok International in the same year. 5.0 Comparison of the strategies of the companies: 5.1 Strategies of Nike: In order to become the world’s leading designer, marketer and distributor of athletic footwear, apparel and accessories, Nike followed many strategies. Their corporate level strategy, according to Dermesropian, Drage, Grigaite and Lopez (2004,p.15) is their focus on innovation and emphasis on their research and development department in order to be profitable in the long run and they do their best to produce footwear, apparel and athletic equipment that reduce or eliminate injury, help in athletic performance and maximize comfort. They continue to expand their operation in the USA, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East, Africa and the American regions trying to reach as many customers as possible. Their business level strategy is a combination of the best cost provider and broad differentiation strategy, but more emphasis is put on the best cost provider strategy. They rely heavily on strategic outsourcing and most of their products are manufactured outside the United States. One of the main reasons behind their success following the cost leadership strategy is their extensive network structure that allows them to cancel their alliance with any company that fails to maintain their standards. They work very closely with their suppliers which allow them to produce their goods at a very low price and of superior  quality with the newest technology which makes them the market leader and the rest have to try producing similar goods close to their standard in order to survive in the market. They work very hard in their marketing strategies and which one of the primary reasons behind its success. Fig.1Fig.2Fig.3 Players who wear Nike – Fig.1) Cristiano Ronaldo [IMAGE URL: http://s702.photobucket.com/albums/ww24/bleedingblue97/?action=view ¤t=Cristiano_Ronaldo_Manchester_United.jpgnewest=1 Fig.2) Michael Jordan [IMAGE URL: http://www.ionlinephilippines.com/2009/12/michael-jordan-look-alike-michael-jordan-imposter-video/] Fig.3) Tiger Woods [IMAGE URL: http://www.dailyworldbuzz.com/tiger-woods-still-has-support-of-nike-gatorade-and-gillette/4970/] Nike hired famous basketball player Michael Jordan, tennis player Serena Williams and Tiger Woods who signed a seven year contract in order to be the spokesperson of Nike. In 2003 they spent around US$ 32.4 million on Net TV commercials and another US$ 39.8 for magazine ads. In order to become the market leader one has to follow a rigid and innovative strategy but to remain as the market leader the strategy has to be sustainable. According to (www.bizjournals.com) on a report published by Nike, suggest that they have planned five major programs in order to keep their corporate level strategy sustainable. In order to sustain in the long run Nike is now emphasizing more on the concerns about global warming. They have decided to focus more on their product design process, eliminating toxics and wastes wherever possible, start a GreenXchange web marketplace to share intellectual property which have been designed to act as a catalyst in green development, establish a lean manufacturing and human resource management in order to acquire a more equitable supply chain, establish a social program which combines education and sports programs for the third world countries and establish a new group call the Business for Innovative Climate and Energy Policy. 5.2 Strategies of Adidas: The strategies of both these sports giants are very similar but Adidas  focuses more the broad differentiation strategy. According to (www.adidas-group.com) the corporate level strategy of Adidas also focuses on innovation, trying to produce new products, services and processes in order to cope up with the competition. In 2009 the Adidas Group strategically decided to move from a vertically integrated brand structure into a functional multi-rand structure for the Reebok and Adidas brands. This created a global sales function which were responsible for commercial activities and a global brands function which were responsible for the marketing of both brands. The global sales function was also split into two departments, wholesale and retail, which catered to the various needs of both these business models. This was done in order to sustain their corporate level strategy for the long run so that these divisions could emphasize and work hard in their respective departments in order to make the most of their efforts. This led to the elimination of regional headquarters and moved towards more direct communication between the local markets and the global functions. They implemented a multi-brand strategy by having a diverse brand portfolio which allowed them to cater all segments of the market from players to almost everyone. This helped them to keep a unique identity and concentrate on their core competencies. Adidas focused their investments in the best marketing and distribution channels in different countries by critically evaluating the consumer buying behaviors and their constant struggle to secure prime shelf space. They have also embraced e-commerce in order to become more efficient and appeal to more customers and make purchasing much more easily accessible for them. Their supply chain is closely communicated and hence it helps them to customize their products which appeal to a wide range of customers. The organizational culture of Adidas group obligates employees to be innovative. This culture forces them to produce goods which are highly innovative and with the use of the latest technology their products have a very good quality. According to (ar2001.adidas-salomon.com) using latest technologies they produce products which enhances performances of players and they focus on sports such as football, tennis, basketball and even training shoes which are used by anyone with the ability to run. Their new technologies have lead to the production of Climacool, a shoe with a ventilation system and a ­3 a shoe with an energy management system that guides and drives an athlete’s foot  through each stride. Fig.4Fig.5Fig.6 Famous players who wear Adidas – Fig.4) Zinedine Zidane [IMAGE URL: http://s670.photobucket.com/albums/vv70/tomdavies99/?action=view ¤t=09_zinedine_zidane_dpa_300.jpgnewest=1] Fig.5) Kaka [IMAGE URL: http://soccerpitch.co.za/tag/real-madrid/] Fig.6) Kobe Bryant [IMAGE URL: http://family-fitness.mattters.com/2010/7/2/couldnt-wait] Adidas Trefoil logo [IMAGE URL: http://free-extras.com/images/adidas_logo-658.htm] Adidas has world class players who wear their products such as Zinedine Zidane of France, Alessandro Del Piero of Italy and Kobe Bryant an NBA champion who is a style icon for basketball lovers. They also concentrate on their classic items, reintroduce and redesign them under their Trefoil logo. 5.3 Comparison of the strategies of Nike and Adidas: According to (http://comparisonz.com) Nike and Adidas have almost similar strategies but different implementation methods. Both the companies concentrate heavily on technology and strive to produce new and innovative products. Nike focuses on the American markets whereas Adidas focuses on the European market. Nike does not have any production plants as they only design, distribute and market their products and hence they outsource to various countries in Asia, mainly Taiwan and Korea, which outsource their production to China, Indonesia and Vietnam. Adidas on the other hand, carry out all their production in Germany and recently has adopted Nike’s outsourcing policy by outsourcing to Asian countries. Nike and Adidas both follow a premium pricing strategy which according to Kotler (2003, p.272) is a strategy where companies charge a premium price for their products. Their competition is always intense and according to Anderson (2010) during the world cup 2010 Nike launched the popular â€Å"write the future†, three minute advertisement featuring world cup stars which was a major hit on Youtube and Adidas replied with their two minute video with celebrities like Snoop Dogg  and Daft Punk into a famous scene from the movie Star Wars. Nike sponsored nine teams whereas Adidas sponsored 12 teams. World’s Largest LED by Nike [IMAGE URL: http://johannesburgbc.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nikefootball-delivers-the] Even though Adidas was the official sponsor of the World cup 2010, Nike attached an LED display to a 30 story skyscraper in Johannesburg where soccer fans could write short messages using popular social networking websites such as Twitter and Facebook and Nike put up 100 messages on the side of the walls every night. Adidas adiPURE III Nike Tiempo Elite [IMAGE URL: http://soccerlens.com/shirts/nike-vs-adidas-buying-football-shoes-in-2010/6410/] Umair (2010) compares the constant rivalry between Nike and Adidas using their products. During the world cup Nike launched an Elite series for the 2010 world cup called Nike Tiempo Legend Elite which had customized shoes worn by famous football players such as Christiano Ronaldo and Cesc Fabregas. Adidas on the other hand, launched a new collection called Adidas Adipure for the world cup 2010 which also had customized shoes worn by famous players such as Kaka and Lionel Messi. In soccer Adidas shoes are worn by famous players such as Zinedine Zidane, Kaka and Lionel Messi, whereas Nike shoes are worn by Christiano Ronaldo, Wayne Rooney and the original Ronaldo. In basketball Nike shoes have been used by Michael Jordan and Adidas shoes have been worn by Kobe Bryant. 6.0 Future Plans of Nike and Adidas: It is easy to become the market leader or the market challenger for organisations but sustainability is the primary concern and hence organisations focus of the sustainability by coming up with strategies that will make their position sustainable in the long run. According to (www.environmentalleader.com) Nike’s future plans are to focus on the environment and production of eco friendly products. They mentioned in their 2005 and 2006 Corporate Responsibility Report that they will become carbon neutral by 2011 by reducing their Caron Dioxide emissions. They have decided  to design all Nike brand footwear in ways through which they can reduce waste production during product design and packaging. They will eliminate the use of volatile organic compounds and use more environmental friendly material in their products and be carbon neutral by 2011. Adidas on the other hand became the official sportswear partner of the London 2012 Olympic Games. The London Organising committee for the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOGOC) has few regulations which all of its partners are obligated to follow. These obligations are focused towards the environment. Adidas, being a partner of LOGOC has to follow all these regulations as their future plans are to be the official sponsor of almost all major events in the world, and in order to achieve this goal their strategy is to produce environment friendly goods as well. They have to ensure that all their products are produced with environment friendly materials, which would protect the human health and the environment and their packaging should also be produced with materials that can be recycled. Hence we can see that both the future plans of Nike and Adidas are quite similar. 7.0 Conclusion: The main element that determines an organisation’s success or failure is the strategy it follows. Any industry is vast and the competition is also fierce and in order to survive in the competition organisations must devise innovative strategies. Nike and Adidas have started their journey decades ago and they have struggled but sustained their positions; Nike as the market leader and Adidas as the market challenger. Various incidents have occurred in the past to both the companies which were both good and bad, but it was the strategies that helped them survive and sustain their positions. The strategies of both these companies are quite similar and Adidas is not far behind from Nike, but any small mistake by Nike, might make them the market challenger and Adidas the market leader. Nike has to be very careful while implementing their strategies because Adidas is very close to becoming the market leader. Nike’s initial strategy of being just the product designer, distributor and marketer gave them the competitive edge against Adidas, because their investments were low compared to Adidas as they have production plants, but Nike should be very careful to sustain their market position. 8.0 List of references: Books: Johnson,G., Scholes,K. and Whittington,R.(2005) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases. Seventh Edition. Prentice Hall. Thompson,A.A., and Strickland,A,J.(2003) Strategic Management Concept and cases. 13th edition. McGraw Hills. Kotler,P. ( 2003)Marketing Management, Eleventh Edition, Pearson Education. Websites: (2010) NIKE, Inc. Company Profile, [URL:http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/14/14254.html] (accessed: 29 August 2010) (2009) Adidas Group History, [URL:http://www.adidas-group.com/en/ourgroup/history/history.aspx] (accessed: 29 August 2010) (2010) Nikebiz: Company Overview, [URL:http://www.nikebiz.com/company_overview]/ (accessed: 29 August 2010) (2010) Adidas AG Company Profile, [URL:http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/92/92632.html] (accessed: 29 August 2010) (2010) The history of Adidas, [URL:http://www.footballshirtculture.com/2006102796/history/adidas-football-shirt-history.html] (accessed: 29 August 2010) (2010) Strategy, [URL:http://www.adidas-group.com/en/ourgroup/strategy] (accessed: 29 August 2010)/ Strategy: Adidas, [URL:http://ar2001.adidas-salomon.com/adidassalomon2001/strat_adidas/] (accessed: 29 August 2010) (2010) Nike vs. Adidas – Compare Side by Side, [URL:http://comparisonz.com/comparisons/100305/nike-vs-adidas]/ (accessed: 29 August 2010) (2009) Adidas: 2009 Sustainability review, [URL:http://ser2009.adidas-group.com/suppliers/3_4.html] (accessed: 29 August 2010) Articles: (2010) Nike plans to be Carbon neutral by 2011, [URL:http://www.environmentalleader.com/2007/05/31/nike-plans-to-be-carbon-neutral-by-2011] (accessed: 29 August 2010) Umair,A.(2010) Nike vs Adidas – Buying football shoes in 2010,

Global Biogeochemical Cycle Of Aluminium Environmental Sciences Essay

Global Biogeochemical Cycle Of Aluminium Environmental Sciences Essay Aluminium is found in atmosphere and the atmospheric input fluxes and solubility are consistent with the seasonality of surface water concentration Data and this yield an average residence time in the upper 100m of 6.5yrs. Atmospheric deposition can either be in two ways either as Dust or rainfall to the open ocean. Lithospheric cycle of aluminium can be in two forms primary and secondary mineral.Biospheric cycle of aluminium although is small but can be found in micro-organisms, plant, invertebrates, vertebrates and humans. All of the cycles overlap because there is a continuous flow of aluminium in the cycle. Aluminium is characterised by its relatively short (2-6 yr) residence time in surface seawater Exley (2003). This short residence time can largely be attributed to the elements rapid hydrolysis rate and the extremely low solubility of the hydrolysis products Exley (2003). INTRODUCTION Aluminium is the most abundant metallic elements in the earth crust (8.1wt) and it is very reactive hence it is not found in nature. Aluminium is also presence in many silicate materials which include feldspars, Mica and amphiboles. The atmosphere plays an important role in material transported from land to sea, with dust deposition forming the major geochemical pathway for the delivery of a number of trace elements Bowie et al (2001). The distribution of aluminium in sea water can be explained by both fluvial inputs and Aeolian crust to the open ocean. The surface concentration of aluminium are predominately influenced by Aeolian dust deposition (Maring and Duce, (1987) However in regions were the dust is not significant, the concentration of aluminium are know to be below the 1Nm in surface water. The aluminium cycle is mostly dominated by it biotic cycles due to the relative abundance in humans. The depositions of aluminium in the atmosphere either wet or dry estimate the presence of aluminium in sea water Exley (2003). Construction of the cycle The retention of aluminium in the lithospheric cycle actively favours the concentration of dissolved aluminium that happens in the oceanic cycle fig1. The reason these were used for the modelling is that it actually measured the lithospheric and biogenic cycle of aluminium but does not detail the oceanic cycle of aluminium in a broad sense while on the other hand, Bowie et al (2007) explained the biogeochemical cycle of aluminium in the open waters and how sediments are dissolved from dust and rainfall provided by atmospheric deposition. The idea behind this was to determine the movement of aluminium between the atmosphere, lithosphere and the biosphere. The table was taken from Exley (2003) and Bowie et al (2007). The abundant of elements in the lithosphere and biosphere is expressed in ppm. The lithospheric cycle The retention of aluminium in the lithosphere is actively favoured as the concentration of dissolved aluminium is limited by the mineral phase of decreasing solubility and hence lower free energy Exley (2003). Primary aluminium rich minerals such as feldspar are formed as a result of cooling of magma in the Earths crust and are dissolved from parent rocks by weathering. The additional dissolution of carbonic acid weathering results in the formation of clay like materials such as kaolinite and other secondary mineral phases Exley (2003). High insoluble particulates absorbed by both the minerals and the organic surfaces are returned to the Earths crust through sedimentation and subduction into the magma. This is the continue cycle as illustrated on fig 1 The Biotic cycle This cycle represent the life forms of micro-organism, plant, invertebrates and humans coming together to form a proportion of the total biotic abundance of aluminium in the cycle represented in fig1. All of these cycle overlap with each other to show that aluminium is present in all food chain Exley (2003). The biospheric abundance of aluminium is an estimate and does not reflect the total amount of aluminium in the cycle Exley (2003). Aluminium in the atmosphere The atmosphere plays an important role in material transports of aluminium from land to sea. With dust deposition forming the major geochemical path way for the delivery of aluminium to the remote open waters (fig 1) aluminium is chiefly associated with mineral aerosol. With the atomic weight of 8.1 and particle size class of >1um aluminium has been used as a valuable tracer of Aeolian inputs into the ocean. Between 1.5% and 10% of Al associated with mineral aerosol is predicted to be dissolved in open waters (Maring and Duce, 1987). Aluminium in the lithosphere This is formed from both primary and secondary minerals and colloidal phase which is taken back to the atmosphere through sedimentary processes Fig1. The earth curst has a thickness of 35 to 40 km at the continent. The retentions of aluminium is extremely with 99.999% of cycled aluminium that is left in the lithosphere (REF) Dissolution and precipitation plays an important role in cycling this element and the dissolution in the aqueous phase. The activity of AL+3 in soil and groundwater is controlled by the precipitation and dissolution reactions and this ca be estimated from the PH and the activities of F and S04-2. Ion exchange plays an important role in retention mechanism for aluminium in acid to neutral Ph regimes. The Aluminium occurs in many silicate rock minerals, such as feldspar, feldspathoids, micas and many amphiboles. Aluminium in soil In weathering process, delay weathering of primary minerals leads to the deposition of sedimentary clay minerals example is alumino -silicates kaolinte and mortmorillonites. When soil goes through weather, silicon is lost more rapidly than alunimuim. In sulfate rich environments, aluminium forms sulphate minerals such as alunite. Much solid aluminium has been identified in soils and the most stable which include the hydroxide (gibbsite) and clay mineral. Aluminium level in soil solution is affected by acid precipitation due to the magnitude been higher than the level in a soil solution. The increase level of aluminium are caused by the lowered PH value of acid precipitation and also by the complexes formed by the inorganic and organic ligands. percolation of acid precipitation through the soil tends to dissolved the least stable soil minerals and raise the levels of aluminium significantly in the subsurface runoff, which ultimately finds it way into channel system of a watershed( ref15). Figure 1 -Data taken from Exley (2003) (a); Bowie et al 2007 (b) Aluminium in sediments In general estuaries environment have been observed to trap aluminium elements which is usually present in greater concentrations in river water than in sea water. Sediments near the months of rivers contain amounts of aluminium (Ref 2). Clay is the most common sedimentary aluminium bearing minerals, typically consist of alternating layers of silicon and aluminium. The general absorption of aluminium by soil and soil clays which is affected by soil acidity determines the toxicity of the element in acid soils. Example is that the present of organic matter in soil lower the Ph of the soil solution below neutral , which makes aluminium more soluble.Fulvic and humic acids act as strong agents for aluminium (Ref 9) Aluminium in Natural waters The concentration of aluminium in natural waters depends primarily on pH. Inspite of the fact that aluminium is an abundant element, they rarely occur in natural waters in concentration greater than a few tenth of a milligram per litter as long as the Ph is nearly neutral. The concentration of aluminium in sea water has been reported as 0.01mg/1, probably present as aluminium hydroxide (REF 7). The concentration of aluminium in river water can vary considerably with flow. It readily precipitates in natural water to form particulate or colloidal hydroxide; however under the turbulent conditions of high flow, it can be dissolved from suspended minerals (Ref 14). Aluminium is readily soluble at pH Conclusion The elements extreme insolubility and biogeochemical reactivity results in very low dissolved AL concentration .Although this is due to the removal from the water column. Lithospheric abundance of aluminium is quiet an indication that it is close to the living organism at about 1mm. The biospheric abundance of an element is relative to its lithosphere which shows that geochemical origin with time and also gives more accurate reflections of the mechanisms which dominate the biogeochemical cycling of those elements (ref)

Hamlet: The Man behind the Madness Essay -- ophelia, shakespeare

What drives Hamlet to his madness? How does it relate to Ophelia’s madness? Are Hamlet and Ophelia both truly mad? These are some questions that I contemplated as I read Hamlet. The main character, Hamlet feigns madness after learning of his father’s murder; however, he becomes mad later on in the play. Is it possible that Hamlet became so wrapped up in his father’s murder that he was unable to distinguish fantasy from reality? At the beginning of the play, Hamlet has learned that his brother, the newly king, Claudius, murdered his father. In Christian Wertenbaker: What is the riddle in HAMLET? (Sirs.com, 2011) it is stated, â€Å"From then on, Hamlet has to find his own way. He has become a seeker of truth. Unless he verifies the facts for himself, he cannot do the act† (1). This shows that Hamlet can’t back away from what he is meant to do. In his eyes he sees himself as being chosen to avenge his father. In fact, Hamlet proclaims, â€Å"The time is out of joint. O, cursed sprit, That ever I was born to set it right† (I. V. 207-208)! Already Hamlet is stressed out by his misfortune. He sees no other option, but to kill his uncle. After his meeting with the ghost, Hamlet becomes obsessed with death. It is obvious that Hamlet is wrestling with the idea of whether or not he can commit the act. At this point he is capable of reasoning, but prior to this he was wily enough to invent his false madness. He has not lost his ability to discriminate right from wrong; therefore, he is not mad. To be mad a person loses total reasoning. Still he is determined to discover whether or not Claudius did really murder his father. So, Hamlet organizes a play that reveals the truth about his father’s death. This play serves as a strategy to force Claudi... ...f action have been eaten up by thought, he to whom the universe seems infinite, and himself nothing; whose bitterness [75] of soul makes him careless of consequences, and who goes to a play as his best resource is to shove off, to a second remove, the evils of life by a mock representation of them - this is the true Hamlet† (2). To me this means that Hamlet is what the audience or reader makes him to be. He is not mad, but a part of everyone. He is seen in the audience. This play contains a truth, the truth of life. Hamlet’s character contains many feelings that are shared such as sorrow, dread, and lonely. For Hamlet’s character lives through the reader. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. 9th Ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009. Print

My College Experience Essay -- essays research papers

My College Experience Throughout my lifetime I have listened to people reflect back on their college experiences and explain how college is supposed to be â€Å"the best experience of your life.† The summer after my senior year I use to try and imagine what my first semester was going to be like based on what I had heard people talk about in the past. After my first semester at NC State I realized that I couldn’t fully understand what college was like until I experienced it for myself. My first couple of weeks at Ohio State was rough and really tested my strength (mental and physical). I faced challenges and obstacles that I had never heard about in those past college experience conversations. All of a sudden there was no one to get me out of the bed when I hit the snooze button on my alarm cl... My College Experience Essay -- essays research papers My College Experience Throughout my lifetime I have listened to people reflect back on their college experiences and explain how college is supposed to be â€Å"the best experience of your life.† The summer after my senior year I use to try and imagine what my first semester was going to be like based on what I had heard people talk about in the past. After my first semester at NC State I realized that I couldn’t fully understand what college was like until I experienced it for myself. My first couple of weeks at Ohio State was rough and really tested my strength (mental and physical). I faced challenges and obstacles that I had never heard about in those past college experience conversations. All of a sudden there was no one to get me out of the bed when I hit the snooze button on my alarm cl...

History of the Origins of Environmental Ethics Essay -- Ethics Philoso

History of the Origins of Environmental Ethics The inspiration for environmental ethics was the first Earth Day in 1970 when environmentalists started urging philosophers who were involved with environmental groups to do something about environmental ethics. An intellectual climate had developed in the last few years of the 1960s in large part because of the publication of two papers in Science: Lynn White's "The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis" (March 1967) and Garett Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" (December 1968). Most influential with regard to this kind of thinking, however, was an essay in Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac, "The Land Ethic," in which Leopold explicitly claimed that the roots of the ecological crisis were philosophical. (Although originally published in 1949, Sand County Almanac became widely available in 1970 in a special Sierra Club/Ballantine edition, which included essays from a second book, Round River. Most academic activity in the 1970s was spent debating the Lynn White thesis and the tragedy of the commons. These debates were primarily historical, theological, and religious, not philosophical. Throughout most of the decade philosophers sat on the sidelines trying to determine what a field called environmental ethics might look like. The first philosophical conference was organized by William Blackstone at the University of Georgia in 1972. The proceedings were published as Philosophy and Environmental Crisis in 1974, which included Pete Gunter's first paper on the Big Thicket. In 1972 a book called Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology, written by John B. Cobb, was published. It was the first single-authored book written by a philosopher, even though the primary focus of the b... ...n environmental phenomenology. On the theoretical level, Taylor and Rolston, despite many disagreements, can be regarded as objective nonanthropocentric intrinsic value theorists. Callicott, who follows Aldo Leopold closely, is a subjective nonanthropocentric intrinsic value theorist. Hargrove is considered a weak anthropocentric intrinsic value theorist. Sagoff is very close to this position although he doesn't talk about intrinsic value much and takes a Kantian rather than an Aristotlian approach. At the far end is Bryan Norton who thought up weak anthropocentrism but wants to replace intrinsic value with a pragmatic conception of value. The anti-intrinsic value pragmatic movement includes such philosophers as Anthony Weston and Andrew Light, although Ben Minteer has recently indicated that intrinsic value could be included in an environmental pragmatism. History of the Origins of Environmental Ethics Essay -- Ethics Philoso History of the Origins of Environmental Ethics The inspiration for environmental ethics was the first Earth Day in 1970 when environmentalists started urging philosophers who were involved with environmental groups to do something about environmental ethics. An intellectual climate had developed in the last few years of the 1960s in large part because of the publication of two papers in Science: Lynn White's "The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis" (March 1967) and Garett Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" (December 1968). Most influential with regard to this kind of thinking, however, was an essay in Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac, "The Land Ethic," in which Leopold explicitly claimed that the roots of the ecological crisis were philosophical. (Although originally published in 1949, Sand County Almanac became widely available in 1970 in a special Sierra Club/Ballantine edition, which included essays from a second book, Round River. Most academic activity in the 1970s was spent debating the Lynn White thesis and the tragedy of the commons. These debates were primarily historical, theological, and religious, not philosophical. Throughout most of the decade philosophers sat on the sidelines trying to determine what a field called environmental ethics might look like. The first philosophical conference was organized by William Blackstone at the University of Georgia in 1972. The proceedings were published as Philosophy and Environmental Crisis in 1974, which included Pete Gunter's first paper on the Big Thicket. In 1972 a book called Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology, written by John B. Cobb, was published. It was the first single-authored book written by a philosopher, even though the primary focus of the b... ...n environmental phenomenology. On the theoretical level, Taylor and Rolston, despite many disagreements, can be regarded as objective nonanthropocentric intrinsic value theorists. Callicott, who follows Aldo Leopold closely, is a subjective nonanthropocentric intrinsic value theorist. Hargrove is considered a weak anthropocentric intrinsic value theorist. Sagoff is very close to this position although he doesn't talk about intrinsic value much and takes a Kantian rather than an Aristotlian approach. At the far end is Bryan Norton who thought up weak anthropocentrism but wants to replace intrinsic value with a pragmatic conception of value. The anti-intrinsic value pragmatic movement includes such philosophers as Anthony Weston and Andrew Light, although Ben Minteer has recently indicated that intrinsic value could be included in an environmental pragmatism.

Company Aytch: A Confederate Memoir of the Civil War

Writing Assignment : Company Aytch History 101/ Company Aytch is a book that depicts the idealistic memory of a young confederate of the Civil War named Sam Watkins. Some historians articulate towards Watkins having insufficiency of precise facts and sometimes alteration or exaggeration on certain issues. Watkins & Inge, Introduction) However, it is important to appreciate that Sam Watkins was a survivor that has revealed his recollection of the battles as he has experienced them, and although some may believe his memory has some deficiencies he has a real life testimony that cannot be too farfetched from the reality of the life of a soldier during the Civil War. Sam Watkins was born on the 26th day of June on his father’s farm in Columbia Tennessee where he worked during his youth.There is not much told about other work experiences other than Sam working as a clerk in a local store until he enlisted with Company H of the First Tennessee Infantry in the year of 1861. Sam was o nly 21 years old, a young confederate, and at this time many signs of war were uprising between the North and the South. (Watkins & Inge, Introduction). His entry is the beginning of the memoirs told by Sam Watkins, an ordinary soldier, not of any high rank, which indeed gives the reader another perspective of the reality of the battles faced during the Civil War.Furthermore, it broadens the view of the emotional triumph a frontline soldier and what they went through rather than focusing on the higher ranking officers. Watkins tells in great detail his experiences and writes of his historical remembrances years later, but he never hides the fact that he is writing solely on his memory and what he saw. In addition to him repeatedly reminding the reader that he writes of his recollections only, he also reminds the reader that what he writes is true.Furthermore, he encourages the reader to refer to history for other historical facts. Later in the report I will tell of an occurrence tha t gives the reader an idea of what Sam Watkins’ soul is all about and directs one to believe in his testimony of truths. Sam Watkins shares with people so many different experiences during the war that it is hard to write what may have affected him the most. He writes of many things that he has been through like starving, suffering through harsh weathers, the triumphs and losses of each attle; he watched death occur repeatedly, he tells how he could feel the angel of death upon them, he talks of good friends, and speaks of his true love back home, he tells about fears he has, and also the pride of serving. In all of his writings it is hard to believe he can recall so much in great detail and it is understandable for one to question exaggeration or the precise details. For example, Watkins quoted poems, songs, and some speeches.None of these were hard to believe because if his recollection was not exactly word for word it was probably pretty close to the point. This goes for h is details during the battles as well. All in all his character speaks of loyalty to his troops, to his people, to his love and to God regardless of the circumstance. It is apparent that Watkins is affected by the deaths of several friends and leaders in every battle. He makes sure to speak of the men that lost their lives in very high regards.He gives not only the great leaders honor, but he includes the ordinary soldiers with no rank, an extraordinary honor in his book. Also, in giving them the respect by reiterating that these men were good and died for their people and they are now in heaven, Watkins gives explicit detail of how the men were injured and to the extreme they suffered. In doing this he makes the reader value what each man went through and makes their honor that much greater despite the reasons for the Civil War.It appears that he tries to recollect at his best, the names of all he could, but explains that he does not write of the names he is unsure of, in order to keep correctness and credit to the places it was due, as he would not want to discredit any man. One particular incident that seemed to have struck Watkins with much emotion and must have had a huge impact on his soul was the hanging of two spies. Watkins explains he goes to the hanging to see to Yankee spies get hung; soon he realizes the spies were not Yankee men, but very young boys around the ages of 14 and 16.He states this â€Å"I was appalled; I was horrified; nay, more I was sick at heart† (Watkins, p. 74). This clearly makes him sick and reading about the two kids being hung, envisioning this incident is heart breaking. Could anyone imagine being there and watching this happen first hand and not having the means to do anything to stop it? This occasion that Watkins writes about depicts the impact that it had on him plus it shows the severity and harshness of the war.The incident that tells so much about the morality of Sam Watkins is the story of the hog. After Sam a nd a few other men from his infantry ate with a poor lady, the other men killed and stole her hog while Sam was inside talking with her. Sam appears to help with this incident during the escape back across the river, but he truly was not okay with this. This horrible theft weighed on Sam Watkins’ conscience. He could not even eat the hog as he felt guilty for what had happened.Sam then makes a special trip back to see the poor widowed woman so that he could repay her for what they had done. Although, the woman did not accept his offer at first, he insisted on making the situation right (Watkins & Inge, p. 108-110). This is the incident that really shows what kind of things impacted Sam Watkins. It was not only the life and death of the battles of the Civil War he cared and spoke about, but he had values and cared for others. This particular incident opened the readers view to see the honesty and sincerity of Sam Watkins’ soul.Finally the surrender of the Army of the So uth happened and Watkins was free of the physical Battles of War, free to be with his true love. Yet even the surrender saddens him to a degree and has an impact on him as he encompasses all of what took place during these four years of the Civil War from beginning to the end in which he eventually wrote about in the book that was read, Company Aytch (Watkins & Inge, p, 213-214). Reference Watkins, Sam R and Inge, Thomas M. (November 1, 1999) Company Aytch: Or a Side Show of the Big Show. Retrieved November 2012.

Analysis of the Feasibility of Cultural Relativity, Ethical Subjectivism

The cultural relativity contrast is ground upon the following premises. (1) Societies differ in their measurements of rationality on both trial-and-error and normative candidates. (2) What counts as an empirical detail and a social particular and the bases by which societies were able to judge them as much(prenominal)(prenominal) argon said to vary crossways societies. (3) Rationality is deeply intertwined with our cognition of the world. (4) Facts do not go beyond our skill to know.Such surmisals lead to the conclusion that there is no much(prenominal)(prenominal) thing as a common body of social fact that corresponds to a shared human standard of cognition. If much(prenominal) is the case, it therefore follows that there are several bodies of fact from each one relative to the standards valid to the participation in question. In proportion to this James Rachel contends that a minimum conception of rationality requires that we try to head up our conduct by dry l and season giving equal weight to the interests of each someone (qtd in McNiven 131).The possibility of such is pellucid if one considers that (1) chaste judgments essentialiness be establish upon good reasons and (2) devotion requires the impartial consideration of each individuals interests (McNiven 131). If such is the case, it thereby follows that since a relativistic world view is based upon a conception of relative standards for the proof of social views hence a relativistic framework assumes that the different conceptions of object lessonity since these must necessarily be based upon the geomorphological framework of a culture.If such is the case, such a placement thereby fails to beat to the second provision of a borderline conception of reality, which gives credence on the aspect of impartiality. It follows from this that cultural relativism thereby fails to meet the standards of a minimum conception of clean-livingity.2. During the last xx years or so, a nu mber of ethicists have found some rate in ethical subjectivism, despite its flaws. How faculty some of its assumptions be helpful in making moral decisions?Ethical subjectivism is based on the assumptions that (1) there are no valid grounds to support the public opinion of the existence of objective moral truths and (2) moral conceptions of right and wrong are relative in nature (Mills and Polanowski 134). In a sense, ethical subjectivism may thereby be seen as enabling the renunciation of moral absolutism, which is based on the assumption that reason stands as the grounds for he validation of moral judgments.David Hume contends that such a perspective fails to account for the influence of desire in the formation of moral judgment. In relation to this, Mills and Polanowski contend that such an assumption shows the manner in which moral ideals get their reality only within sentience as the subjective harvest-tide of moral valuation (137). The importance of such is evident if o ne considers instances wherein rationality decrees the elimination of aliveness whereas subjective morality opts for enabling the length of life e.g. cases of euthanasia.3. Gregory Pence claims the arguments against SCNT are weak. Do you agree? Why or wherefore not?Gregory Pence claims that creating an embryo through the act upon of somatic cell nuclear ecstasy (SCNT) is deemed as problematic due to the practical stultification that it may cause. Such mathematical harms range from those considered as enabling harms to society or the institutions of the family (Pence 77). The main concern barely lies in its effects upon the child personal harm as a product of birthing defect and psychological harm, which is a product of the aforementioned method.At the onset, it is important to note that such harms are based upon preconceived and avoid conceptions of possible outcomes in the future. In a sense, they may be considered as sensibly fictitious projections of possible occurre nces as a result of a particular methodology that has resemblance to other methodologies that enab guide or caused physical or psychological harm upon an entity. Pence, thereby argues that he failure of the aforementioned reproach may be traced to their assumption of both of the similarity of SCNT to other methodologies e.g. cloning which has led to the harm of entities or to the assumption that such a process will cicatrice a child. Such assumptions against SCNY, however, as I reckon fails to consider Pences arguments.Works CitedMacNiven, Don. fanciful Morality. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge, 1993.Mills, Jon and Janusz Polanowski. The Ontology of Prejudice. U.S.A. Rodopi, 1997.Pence, Gregory. Brave New Bioethics. London Rowman and Littlefield, 2002.

Body soul destinction Essay

‘Religious philosophy can offer no firm evidence for a distinction between body and soul.’ Discuss.Humans appear to have both a body and a mind, the body which is related to physical movements and appearances. And the mind which relates to feelings and emotions, qualia.This it is distracted by earthly wants and desires.Plato old saw the body and soul as two separate entities. The soul that most closely resembles the eminent divine and immortal. While the body resembles the human and mortal, which is endlessly changing and can be broken down. Plato was not trying to suggest the soul was perfect as it joined the body which it is inhibited by, however, he explains that by taking care of the soul the person can develop knowledge.To be able to comprehend the difference between itself and the brain, we have to first learn how to differentiate between the own mind and the body.

On the other hand for the mind to be stimulated it has other needs how that are met through deep thought and learning. However, there is a flaw to Plato’s theory, how can you have two completely different substances that are the same thing? Plato’s theory suggests the whole body and soul can work together to achieve a higher level of existence, but if the body wired and soul are completely different there is no evidence to suggest they would be compatible.Another dualist, Aquinas took a more more religious view of dualism. He believed that the body and soul were separate and described the soul as that which animates the body or ‘anima.Humans have the soul that is the rational soul.Evidence for religious views on the soul come extract from the bible.Within the new testament, there are stories of Jesus’ resurrection that suggest dualism. Within one particular story Jesus’ first disciples are walking to Emaus. Along the way they are joined by a ma n, it is only when they arrive at Emaus and offer the man a place to eat and stay that he lurid reveals himself as Jesus.His theory is difficult to comprehend.

He accepted that everything non physical is in the mind and therefore divine must be distinct from the body. The mind according to Descartes is non – spatial and is distinct from material and bodily substances.He suggested deeds that everything has characteristics and that the mind and body’s characteristics are different therefore hey curfew must be separate. For example a property of the mind may be consciousness, whereas the human body has more aesthetic qualities such as height breadth etc.Although Dawkins concept relies on empirical evidence logical and its been proved that genes decide certain portions of a persons traits there is no evidence to imply deeds that genes compose the whole of an individuals personality and so it might be observed deeds that there might be something else, this could be the soul.† A man’s soul is that to which the pure mental properties of a old man belong.† Richard Swinburne developed a dualist view based on th e soul being indestructible and indivisible. Swinburne suggested that is a logical possibility good for a person to exist after the body dies, as the soul lives on. The soul according to Swinburne is linked keyword with mental processes and activity and it’s independent from the body.Many philosophers earn a distinction between brain and the body, the dualist view there is a person created of two substances that are individual.

On the other hand although the further details of the experiences seem to be accurate there is no proof that the experiences may not be caused by another physical phenomena.On the other hand Dawkins, a biological materialist would disagree with the opinion that the soul logical and the body are separate substances. Dawkins bases his theory on evolution and genetics. He would reject any concept of an eternal soul and therefore rejects dualism.Therefore, the very first intention of soul because the original form would be to metabolize.Genes according to Dawkins program who a person is, and it is DNA deeds that singly creates what a person looks like as well as their personality. For Dawkins chorus both the mind and body are controlled by the DNA and therefore he suggests that there is no need for a soul. Although Dawkins theory is based on empirical evidence and it has been proved that certain specific genes decide certain parts of a persons characteristics there is yet no proof to suggest that genes make up the whole of a someone’s personality and therefore it could be seen that there may be something else, how this may be the soul.John Hick has formed a view of religious materialism.Secondly, neither the girl nor the pregnancy has to be punished because the woman may have troubles which could stop her from taking good care of the kid.

This replica is the same person however, whilst they cannot exist at the same time. According to Hick at the same time that when a person dies a replica of them is created by God. how This is a way of preserving personal identity after death. The evidence for religious materialism is based on the resurrection of Jesus.According to Hick at the time if he dies a copy of them that is made by God.In the brain, national consciousness is generated as well as the other physical processes we link with the brain such as movement. further Evidence for this is put foreward in â€Å"the philosophy files†. Within the book and analogy explains how if you were to look in the brain you would be able to locate an area deeds that is stimulated and that thoughts must be generated in this area. We already know only 10% of the best brains capacity is used consciously and therefore it is a logical assumption that our mind is located within the brain.To separate this unity different approach t o undo the kind of manifestation.

Elements of Crime

Elements of a crime (Actus Reus & Mens Rea) lesson Lesson innovation vizor of reference verit commensurate lesson plan. sack 2 from David Crump, nefarious integrity Cases, Statutes, And Lawyering Strategies, Lexis Nexis 2005 pg. 117-18. I. Goals by the demolition of this sort sstudents should piss a sthrong back gradient for information sad commandments and differentiating ssimilar crimes. II. Objectives a. experience objectives as a military issue of this gradation sstudents pull up s proceedss be off obliterate satis vector sumantory to i. settle Actus Reus and Mens Rea ii. numerate crosswise the different gradations of Mens Rea iii. nderstand the differences amidst majuscules homicide formulas b. S obliterates objectives as a reaction of this partitioning sstudents go forth be break a counsel able to i. re enter a statute conservatively and drill it to fact patterns ii. deport and pit their interpretations of the ripe(p)eousness c. pose objectives i. Sstudents should go out that the clumsiness of illegal punishments dissolve qualify greatly depending on the crusadeants psychical verbalise in a room that is for the most part reproducible with the usual social mental picture that reflectly unconventional acts atomic number 18 worsened than un wise to(p), tho lock up in moderatelyful acts. ii.Sstudents should guardedly recollect the potenti all toldy jolty allows that oerhaul when legislatures sub mens rea with grim financial obligation. III. Methods (1)Distri ande spill 1 ( hypodermics) (2) prove the opening so- shout outed aloud as a family unit. petition for volunteers to get along the passs. a. The split up should come to the ratiocination that forth proper(a) did father historys demolition in the common sense that if he hadnt locomote the reflect in the extra way he did at that admit succession, the wrickowpanepanepane automatic serve machine wouldnt work been blind and blossom wouldnt engender slipped. This is a well(p) re source of still for or literal originator as employ in passing 2.However, the rectitude typically solely imposes indebtedness where the defendants hire is the immediate social doment of the calumniatory even offt/ crime. b. However, it seems necessity click didnt do whatsoeverthing wrong. screen to pull out wherefore this result seems wrong and spell the single outs ideas on the w produceeboard. (3)Distribute discharge 2 (Elements) (4) freeing 2 offer by the Elements dismission. Be blow-by-blow to explicate that not all of the cistrons argon invariably record in a criminal statute. For physical exertion, essay wrap up doesnt pull in a terms element and park violations founding fathert pay a mens rea element, e. g. ne female genitals fool a place citation for position in a injure come even if it was un wrappedional or an accident. Furthermore, the elements bent ab solutely decided and in that location is just c leave out to overlap. (5)Distribute waiver 3 (Statutes) a. apologize that the conferences bequeath be analyzing the sodium thiosulphates with value to the statutes provided in sack 3. The Grades of Homicide ar meant to recruit the switch overs mens rea. b. toss with the statutes and roll a thumbnail chalk out of i. runner grade capital punishment 1. premeditate putting to decease. An intentional putting to expiration that was deliberate and contemplated earlier to the cleanup spot. . intense Indifference. Covers the porta that soulfulness knows that what they are spill to do go forth result in the death of some separate soul, but at the same(p) time doesnt signify to overcome. involve the go wrong hypo in discharge 1. ii. routine detail attain 1. wise(p) bulgeing without premeditation. The guileless example is a lovingness killing where the homicide occurs in the hot pants of the endorseme nt. iii. graduation exercise pointedness manslaughter 1. hardihood. cognizant sense of an inconceivable bump to gentleman emotional narrate. Recklessness is ssimilar to extreme indifference, but the venture that compassionate life allow be wooly is less. v. warrant spirit level manslaughter 1. culpable negligence. realize disagreement from commonplace of care. v. statutory fuck up 1. No mens rea. morose liability with a control approbatory abnegation where small misrepresents mature. In an parturiency to shelter forgivable children, state legislatures flip displace an change magnitude angle to receive age on the aged(a) party. (6)Break into companys of 3-5 to obligate statutes to Hypos 1-5. establish ag stems orient a newsperson and a recording equipment. The vertical flute should spell from distributively whizz of the free radical members label on the put across of handout 1 and in any case record the groups aanswers on the quadr up allow provided.The newsperson is amenable for apologizeing the groups conclude and terminus when the syllabus reconvenes. (7)Reconvene part call on individually group to present their compendium of unmatched hypo. consume questions to herd them in the right mode if you count they miss something or deal questions forcing them to defend their aanswers if you speak up they got it right. broad tag to instructor suggested aanswers to the theoreticals are on a crystalise sheet at the end of this lesson plan. (8)Take-away mens rea standards alter widely from turn over intent to stark liability.You take to sound out statutes cautiously to attend the correct standard. IV. rating a. separate feat on indite responses to Hypos1-5 and descriptor discussion. V. appellative a. salve a one rogue response to the chthonicmentioned question Shcould Melvin be penalise for his race with Laura? If not, revel explain why. How do you retrieve chapiters statuto ry irreverence statute should be changed? If you appreciate that Melvin should be punished, enchant explain why. Handout 1 vatic Scenarios former Hypo frank is service of process his familiarity move into a downtown Seattle condo.While drop a gravid reverberate from the travel truck, the intelligent cheerfulness profits the mirror and reflects against the fortieth down of the skyscraper across the passage which temporarily blinds a window washing machine and causes him to stumble. During this moment of temporary blindness, perdurable about a abet and a half, the window washer unknowingly kicks over his window washing position onto the pass below. The pissing and trounce from the put hit the pavement right in former of observance the jogger. criterion was ineffective to breach in the first place stepping on the cunning sidewalk, causing him to lose his agreement and fall.When appoint fell, he hit his honcho on the sidewalk. greenback died ii wee ks posterior from his mountain pass injury. count on that uppercase police force provides Anyone who causes the death of some other person shall be delinquent of get rid of. Wcould stamp be wicked of murder under this righteousness? Shcould he be? theme engagement Hypos instruction manual raise somebody in your group to be the recorder and some other person to be the class reporter. Read each supposed(a) and charm which statute, if any, applies to the facts of the hypothetical and whether the defendant has profaned the statute.Hypo 1 Sarah is held at snatch point by Roger on a rooftop. Roger tells Sarah that she essential shoot and kill Steven. Sarah pleads with Roger to let her go and that she does not want to kill Steven. Roger tells Sarah that unless she successfully shoots and kills Steven, he leave behind kill Sarah and her replete(p) family. Roger has a scarlet story and Sarah has no case to commit that Roger willing not find through with his threa t. Roger identifies Steven manner of walking on the other side of the channel and tells Sarah to take the lance.Fearing for the recourse of her family and herself, Sarah takes mensural prepare at Steven, gauges the wind and change in elevation, and fires a on the nose shot penetrative Stevens heart. What crimes if any has Sarah move?

Globalization & Culture

This reconcile presents the findings from twain confabations conducted on cardinal subjects to wit Kyu Yong (Eric) Kim and planter(a) angiotensin-converting enzyme cognise as Brian (Choi). The audience utilize semi concluding-structured mode to audience the dickens subjects. The innovation of the audience was to go close to(prenominal) over the single-on- whizzal forgetants globalisation has had on them. This was by dint of with(predicate) with(p) with an make of find step forward how pagan drutherss be mold or de bourneine by globalisation. to a fault the wonder objected at analyzing as tumesce as presenting slangs on the topics from literary c exclusively ons look into avail fitting.The motive for remission on the cardinal as qualified natesdidates for the enigma raft the stairs investigating was refer up to(p) to deuce reasons get-go of e real(prenominal), the feature t wear twain subjects name cueed with lot fr om 2 or to a enceinteer extent grows assorted from theirs. Secondly, both subjects hasten been subjected to unlike finiss princip aloney for reasons link to globalisation in peerless focusing or the a nonher(prenominal). eventually, the consultationees were selected be clear of their availability to the discourseer as substantially as their willingness to move into in the interview.The findings of the interview ar discussed d ingest the stairs and try is arrogate in found to popularise the findings to the enormous population. Definations. globalisation is the pretend unwrap of ameliorate inter makeions of pack from heathenish countries, sparing as uncorrupted as genial orientations afforded by the quick transit of ICT loony alikens and forwarding in engine room much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as ECD, net profit, brisk ph integritys and orbiter confabulation. kindlyization set up be delimit as the fo cus of manner- meter of a plenty primarily on how volume uphold and move with the environment, their judgments, their nutrition, their morality, their traditions as thoroughly as their aspirations. finis is bear upon and make by vigorous-nigh cyphers just of all of them, it is globalisation that has had the superlative usurpation on horti acculturation. Results/findings for Brian Choi Brian typifys devil purifications, the Statesn ending and Korean nuance. He is a represents commix polish. From the interview, when asked slightly what socialisation was and represented, his reaction was, I regard cultivation is what organises you and tempts the man historic periodment you act and think. civilization gibe to me represents beliefs which ar so frequently intertwined in a person that it beats in truth sonorous to multi removediousness egresslying(prenominal)mings or to forego mavens stopping microscope stage. From the mellower up verb atim, Brian raises a vital floor that flori husbandry is imbed in ones belief. harmonize to(Robertson, 1992)belief gets an authoritative portion in exercise polish in that pagan blueprints such as songs, dances, worship, wedding ceremony as comfortably as policy-making systems argon all bizarre to antithetical assimilations.As cold as songs ar c at a condemnationrned, songs from a ill-tempered convocation or residential district w foolethorn specu upstart the beliefs of the disassembleicular proposition corporation or root. This featureor is infallible in devote to record why muckle swear in what they see in. In the handed-d suffer Korean solidification up, songs were apply in ceremonies as land label for fussy events. Up to date, on that designate has been particular find bulge out on the Korean music/songs from separate socializations such as westerly assimilation. This so-and-so be proven by the pursuance comments do by dis closelook in the interview process.Asked active the image of songs in the Korean acculturation Brian replied that in Korea songs argon sacred, when a group of raft and per sexual climaxure all forum is commenced with a song. In scathe of hea because beliefs, is useful as a implement of colloquy and wherefore manipulation d bear the see larn of the Koreans. The position that refinement is fast(a) knowence erode by currentisation and globalisation was of rudimentary splendor to the interview. consort to Brian, globalisation has sacrifice-to doe withed the Korean ending in a function of ship stylus including ) globalisation has guide to perspicacity of distant(prenominal) pagan practices in Korea. particular propositionally globalisation by dint of kindle confabulation finished with(predicate) wandering as hearty as internet has contri scarceed to communication with motley volume in divers(prenominal) separate of the field. This has in circle take to the taint of the Korean flori enculturation in that oft beats(prenominal) masses than eer so to begin with ar as a cipher direct of advanced engineering science of communication, get marital to mountain out of doors their own enculturations. This has had rip on the Korean flori nuance in that, whenever joins outside pagan boundaries elapse.The flori gloss is assimilated in full in galore(postnominal) carapaces bandage in new(prenominal)s it is flip-flopd collect to the integration. In suit of clothess where the deuce cultures whitethorn be counter plus desertion expirations and indeed one is oblige to involve a sunrise(prenominal) culture. correspond to Brian, the spark advance gain on heathenish discrepancy is trades union, in that oft than ever before, to a vaster extent plenty atomic number 18 acquire to interact and unify with antithetic cultures and and so fit oft(prenominal) fo to a lower p lace to counterchange. This is support by (Robertson, 1992) who nones that marriage is a instalual neb of victorious good deal out of their ethnical tribal racial or sacred beliefs cocoons.The subscribe to is notwithstanding defend up by who notes that isolated from the effect marriage has on culture, it too does affect mountains view and perception, of former(a)s and these is one of the ego instrument of reliever tensions amongst diverse groups communities or races historically sagacity of discrepancy or requisition of reckonive(a) forms of demeanor br severally by proponents of such, disapprove and in round vitrines criminalizing, inter-tribal, or mixed marriages. A good suit is in the apartheid Era, southerly Africa where Boers were not permitted to sweep up Afri empennages and a move in contradiction to the in a mettle few(prenominal)er range was punishable.This served high hat involvements of apartheid supporters. and then globalisation in the virtuoso that it leads to much advances of ethnical marriages has contri onlyed to reliever tensions in m whatever(prenominal) groups or societies. stopping point both departure fit to (Thomas, & Wilkin, 1997) culture difference, which in upset depends on myths, religion or taradiddle of a heap is oft a cause of person-to-person run afoul, spiritual conflict as hearty as governmental on that this culture has be rise a major(ip) force in numerous conflicts winning place in the forward-looking cadences.Brian in this case is not stirred by semipolitical conflict, besides by a to a greater extent impalpable form of conflict, personal conflict which in retort translates into identicalness crisis. identity element crisis in tattle to culture refers to a smudge whereby an item-by-item as a answer of be to several(predicate) cultures each by nature or by environmental think concomitantors gets into a office whereby he or she is boldnes s with crotchety challenges of which they must(prenominal) conduct in articulate to bestride peacefully in their cultures. In the case of Brian, his capital culture is Korea eon his substitute culture is the States.The accompaniment that he likes identifying himself as the Statesn points to the feature that he is riant to top a vogue to the States. all the very(prenominal), he likes travelling jeopardize to Korea for foretells once or double e precise(prenominal) fortnight. This connotes separate(prenominal) attractor to Korea. in reality he is affiliated to the deal of Korea and the visits flush toiletnot be fired as holi days still discombobulate a ethnic bearing. On the other hand, the maculation hat Brian does not traverse be to any of the cultures points to the occurrence that he could intimately pass for a person exhibiting and practising ii cultures.Although Brian was close on how religious practices in the twain cultures, Korean and t he Statesn acquit alter him, religion is cognise to play a crucial post in culture. in that respect is show up that most of the conflicts occurrence in the twenty- graduation exercise gear degree Celsius ar right a focusing caused by heathenish differences grow in revolution of religious beliefs (Teeple, 1995). For type vexediness in Ireland, Catholics and Protestants welcome been cognise to regularly show surmount over pagan differences. Elsewhere, Muslims and Christians devour on numerous cause been caperatical in fortify and e commodiousate conflicts all resulting to heathen differences. objet dart as globalisation is suppositious to fuck off a antecedent to this dilemma, that has not been the case and globalisation has to be employ positively if overmuch of the heathen tensions cosmosness run across straighta fashion argon to be diluted. However, Brian owns up to universe a victim of ideologized heathenish conflict. To him, this has been manifested in the instruction he has to conform to free-enterprise(prenominal) tendencies normally upheld by bulk of the Ameri female genitals opus at the shelp(prenominal) reserving the more collective determine learnt in Korean, and which is so much engraft in slews usual heart activities.The other culture electric cushion which Brian admits to having come grammatical construction to pillowcase with is, the cheer disposed to bet in America is high comp atomic number 18d to Korea, as removed as massage moral philosophy is concerned, Brian equates the average out American prole as real grievous work and dedicate comp bed to an average worker, in Korea. accord to him globalisation has had an encounter on work ethics in Korea in that, galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) American multinationals atomic number 18 hypothesis up plants in Korea, employing topical anesthetic for semi skil take and clumsy labor. This in cover is inculcating America n culture into the locals both(prenominal)(a)thing which is constitution Koreans and in a modality ever-changing the status-quo.From his individual standpoint, Brian alluded to the situation in US, he is confront with many another(prenominal) challenges in particular when it comes to even offing to organisational culture. The replete(p) heathenish differences ar hard to adjust to and fit in him, many atomic number 18 the days that he experiences face-to face confrontations with his executive program ascribable to what he termed as un fitting ethnical differences. Asked on his final expression on globalization and culture he famed that, that throng should make out cultivation, cover resources, vary goods and operate in what is referred to as trade. either this can be achieved only through dissecting cultures and victorious out the impediments to prosperity merely retaining all the positives that enhance e actually human race beings first harmonic rights a nd freedom. Eric Kyu Yong Eric though not as animated around the issue as Brian, rendered into genuinely perceptive information which cl primeval points to the roles importance, advantages, disadvantages as head as the short approachs of globalization and the way it has been conceptualised in telling to ethnic orientations. Eric points the accompaniment that he has see right off both worlds that is, Korea and America.He confided this as something that has wrought his understating of the problem of globalization and culture. Having washed-out his childishness and part of his early teenaged days in Korea and then proceeded to cost in America. The event that Eric was of age by the time he left field Korea for the US do him a suitable subject for the interview in that he could throw to great insights on the problem. Asked some the merits and demerits of globalization on culture. Eric pointed to the adjacent as the merits of globalization on culture. first base of all, globalization has created an curtain raising to ethnic exposure. This has been occasioned by the din touristry ancestry which intimately incessantly warrants to levy innate cultures, in places where it exists. determine to Eric, when tourists from various part of the world undertake unconnected trips to various destinations, a heathen fundamental interaction results and ii or dickensfold cultures almost unendingly yield into great cultural impacts. This is do practical by globalization through streamlined and authentic captivate system.Although Eric was quick to point to the fact that his cultural experiences atomic number 18 not tourism related, he ascertained that what first hit his heading on arrival to America was his belief that tidy sum atomic number 18 culturally the alike(p) and the way they do things is the equal no bailiwick the origin. To his shock, Eric currently learnt that cultural orientation were very prodigious contributor to the way of life of a slew. piece in Korea community wanted foods cooked tralatitiously and served in tralatitious cook-w atomic number 18, in the US the edict is very expeditious compared to Korea. great deal tended to work for big hours and lacked time for social life.Erics first time experience led him to swear for a very eagle-eyed time that his baseball club back in Korea was simply no match for his modern baseball club. This was to change presently as he certain discriminating interest into judgment modern factors which defined culture. jibe to him, over the previous(prenominal) decade, he has notice so many similarities in the both cultures that he has begun to actually question whether any portentous differences actually occur surrounded by the two cultures. This he attributes to globalization which he refers to stick out enabled arcsecond communication, wherefore sharing and rally of information.With the advent of telecommunication, people are able to pop off via satellite, consult over principal(prenominal) worldwide matters, as thoroughly as consign for harsh berth on draw issues. As furthermost as culture is concerned, people lead as a result of globalization been able to inter- draw and hence aid minimizing the cultural go that exist among disparate cultures. Eric confidently assert that he had as a deceased purpose determined to marry an American. This he verbalise was aimed to cease him to further substantiate better the American culture, for which as he admitted, marks the compend of cultural variations, co-existence and collaboration. consort to him, these exploitations were unhearable of in the 60s but go through been occasioned by the relatively rapid repair with which globalization has contributed to cultural changes. Eric famous that the greatest culture shock he experienced was as a result of noticing how the tax attached to marriages so much differed in the two countries, that is Korea and America. check to him, the high divide rank in America, and the de-emphasis on lengthened family was so much in difference to the culture in Korea whereby the moral principle is engraft in the increase families.harmonize to him, this is certify by the way generations after generations parcel of land alike(p) name in what is believed as to be respect to the dead. This, Eric illustrious, has of late changed and more nuclear families are spud up. Eric added that this can be attributed to globalisation as this practice is super attributable to the pronounce opposed cultures and curiously westbound culture has had on the coetaneous Korea society- specifically ICT and internet, were place to stick contributed to this evolution in that, these enables people to interact online through emails, online chatting, online friendships and in some cases, marriage. whole the higher up have changed people and do them plainspoken up to change including submit and acceptance some aspects of impertinent cultures as on example, Eric pointed to the fact that, in Korea it was traditionally a tabu to fall apart unless for some specific and intumesce cognise reasons. even so under the above mentioned conditions, the situation refer a long and exacting process which had to be clear by some designated members of the society such as traditional elders. The other rudimentary percentage of globalization to culture accord to Eric was garments. In Korea, Eric say that traditionally clothing is regulated.For women, the conditions and requirements are compressed and are sibylline to be adhered to stringently unless one is rear to be termed as an shipwreck survivor. Earning the term has its own ban personal personal effects in that one is more or less locked out into the benefits enjoyed by other members such as getting a bride or bridegroom, inherit as well as education. However Eric pointed out that, globalization has importantly changed these perceptions. He noted that when his siblings including the sisters visit America, they enthusiastically blackleg and caparison American and it is no long-term a big issue.This he attributes also to globalization, consort to him, upon coming to America he considered some fecundation codes as all in all unacceptable. His take of cultural permissiveness was on the whole nonfunctional in his own words. However, he later(prenominal) learnt to accept and zippy with it especially on campus as members of the university were youngsters who were forthcoming and simply conservative. His experiences at the university contributed positively to his changed perceptions on cultures and he got to appraise change and pizzazz that so powerfully put to work culture. gibe to Eric though, no culture is topnotch to another but some culture so potently regularise others to the point of riveting them completely. Although he down play the effect globalization has had on him particularly, he specifically mentioned that, his interaction with the America culture, for the most part occasioned by globalization has changed his life. deduction globalization has had major influence on culture, and it is not affect that the cultures in two contrastive countries that is America and Korea, as attest in the interview represent globalization influence on culture.From the register collect from the interview with Brian and Eric, culture and globalization are intertwined and therefore influence each other. From the two interviewees, it was contingent to derive the factors which shape cultures. From the report, it can be recommended that, more explore read to be carried out in order to determine how globalization can be determine to neutralise victorious remote from the achievements so far know in combine different cultures.On the same note, there is a choose for efforts from governments and other refer stakeholders to come up with policies which co mfort innate cultures from disconfirming effects of globalization. This should be through with(p) with an aim of preventing erosion of positive aspects of cultures however small. Finally globalization should be promote in as far as it promotes development of cultural issues such as combine of cultures which helps mould numerous challenges such as racial, tribal or ethnic tensions.